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Explosions and fires in refineries and
chemical plants have on occasion resulted in damage to or
destruction of process plant buildings at the site, sometimes
leading to serious injury or death of building occupants.
Methods for evaluating process plant
buildings have been developed by the American Petroleum Institute
(API) and the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) as
indicated in API Recommended Practice 752, "Management of
Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant Buildings (CMA
Manager's Guide)", and AIChE (CCPS) "Guidelines
for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions
and Fires".
These recommended practices suggest that a
series of increasingly rigorous screening tools be applied to
process plant buildings. Each successive step, requiring
increased time and effort, removes additional layers of
conservatism from the analysis. Buildings screened out at an
early stage do not require further evaluation. Buildings
remaining in the analysis pool after screening is complete
represent situations where a higher risk may exist and for which
detailed evaluation, including qualitative and/or quantitative
risk assessment should be considered. By providing an early
screening for buildings that pose low risk to occupants,
resources can be focused on the higher risk buildings.
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