The CATS IN KENNELS
Program

             Welcome to our website,
              the CATS IN KENNELS
                        Program, at
         www3.sympatico.ca/samgreen/webcats.html

To email us:
  samgreen@sympatico.ca










The information is all on one web-page. Just scroll down.
 

     If you love your cat, keep him in a safe, enclosed

               outdoor kennel when he’s outside.

       Protect our birds and other small wildlife.

Keeping your cat indoors, or in a safe, enclosed kennel
when he's outside, is the only humane, environmentally
sound way to be a responsible owner of your cat.
 

    If you would like to receive some colour photos of sample cat kennels that you can build

                       or have someone else build for you, please email us.
 

What is the CATS IN KENNELS Program?

The CATS IN KENNELS Program is an environmental Canadian “word of mouth” campaign
designed to educate people about the environmental impact of loose domestic cats upon
bird and other small wildlife populations. We promote responsible pet cat ownership, and
aim to protect cats from being put at risk by their owners.

                 The CATS IN KENNELS Program promotes safety and quality of life
                                       for both domestic cats and wildlife.

               We aim to protect wildlife species' populations and diversity.

The philosophy of the CATS IN KENNELS Program is to keep your cat indoors or in a safe,
enclosed outdoor kennel to protect birds and other small wildlife, as well as your pet cat.

We encourage you to copy this information, distribute it and promote it freely for the benefit
of wildlife, and for the health and safety of your pet cat.
 

Why do we need the CATS IN KENNELS PROGRAM in Canada?

                                        To protect wildlife.
                                   And, to protect pet cats.

The domestic cat population has exploded into 400 million throughout the world, as
reported in 1997. In Canada, 5 million pet cats kill about 140 million birds and
small animals each year.  In the City of Toronto in 1995, over 4,600 stray cats
were impounded. In 2000 in Toronto, 13,091 cats were impounded, of which
50 per cent were euthanized.

Rural cats kill more than urban cats.

Cat overpopulation and wildlife destruction is a worldwide problem.  In Britain, 5 million cats
kill more than 50 million birds and wildlife, and maim another 42 million each year.  In
New Zealand, cats and other introduced predators have nearly destroyed their native bird
species. In Australia, the problem of cat overpopulation has become a national menace.
The U.S. has 66 million pet cats, more than double the number from 1970, and 40
million feral (wild) cats, all of which nationwide kill a billion small mammals and as many
birds in a year.

Municipal governments in many communities across Canada are inundated with public
complaints about loose cats in neighbourhoods. Communities can benefit greatly from
promoting the logical concept that responsibility for cats rests squarely
where it belongs - with cat owners. It would prevent both unnecessary distress
to the public, cats and wildlife, and stop the waste of public dollars in litigation
and animal control.

Humane Societies, Veterinarians, Ornithologists, Biologists, Government
employees in environmental and natural resources, and Environmental
Organizations
need to be proponents of the Cats In Kennels Program
and the importance of keeping your cats indoors, or in a safe, enclosed kennel
when they are outside. They need to educate the public
that this serious issue
can be easily solved, eradicating the suffering
 and destruction to birds and small
animals, and to pet cats themselves.

Researchers in Canada are ignoring this subject for some reason,
despite the fact that cats killing wildlife is an important factor in the
mortality of birds. For instance, in a report by R. C. Banks entitled
"Human related Mortality of Birds in the United States", Special
Scientific Report, Wildlife No. 215, US Dept. Interior (Washington
DC, 1979), et al, here is what they found.

Relative Annual Human Related Mortality of Birds in the U.S. from
various causes. Below is the Estimated Annual Mortality listed in
the millions of birds. Note that CAT PREDATION is the FOURTH
highest cause of bird deaths of ELEVEN major causes studied.

Collisions with buildings,    100 to 1,000 million bird deaths

Collisions with power lines,         up to 174 million bird deaths

Recreational hunting,                  120 million bird deaths

CAT PREDATION,                      118 million bird deaths

Indirect Pesticide Poisoning,       72 million bird deaths

Collisions with motor vehicles,     60 to 80 million bird deaths
     

Collisions with communication towers,      4 to 50 million bird deaths

Nuisance Bird Control,                    2 million bird deaths

Collisions with wind generators,            .01 to .04 million bird deaths

Electrocution,                           .01 to 0.1 million bird deaths

Scientific Research,                        .02 million bird deaths


It is obvious that CAT PREDATION is a significant cause of
the mortality of birds, and by relation, to the diversity of
species. This list does not cover the small mammals,
amphibians and reptiles that are also killed by loose cats.
As well, these figures are extremely low in comparison
to most other cat predation figures, yet they still are
a significant cause.

What is not obvious is why Canada's universities,
ornithologists, biologists and government agencies are
not informing the public about the importance of keeping
pet cats contained at home, and not supporting feral
cat colonies or feral cats at large. Their simple act of
informing the public could save the lives of millions
of birds.  Extrapolated from the above chart, in this
one of many international studies, the figure of
118 million bird deaths caused by cats in the USA
translates to many bird deaths caused by cats
in Canada as well.

There are many studies in the USA that have been
done on this topic, and others in process at present.
It is disheartening that in Canada, Bird Mortality
is not studied. If it was, the simple resulting observation
would be that keeping your cat at home, or in a safe
enclosed kennel when it is outside, could save millions
of birds in Canada, including endangered species.
(Cats are indiscriminate killers.) In addition, many other
small wild animal species, already under pressure due to
habitat loss, environmental change and other effects,
could be protected from this unnecessary cause of
mortality.

One would hope, if Canadian institutions studied the
subject and their studies confirm what is already
known in USA, Britain and USA, that they
would inform the public of the results. One would
hope that ornithologists and biologists in universities
and government agencies would become part of
the solution. Instead, as they are ignoring the problem,
they are contributors to it.

.........

The American Bird Conservancy is working very hard
in the USA to promote responsible cat ownership. There
is no similar organization in Canada promoting this
ethical, humane and logical step in our cultural habits.
Here is a recent report from the USA on this subject.

       Free-roaming Cats Bad for Birds

8 September 2006 – American Bird Conservancy (ABC) has published a new report that says free-roaming cats are bad for birds. The report, Impacts of Feral and Free-ranging Cats on Bird Species of Conservation Concern: A Five-State Review of New York, New  Jersey, Florida, California, and Hawaii, analyzes for the first time the effects cats are having on some of America’s most at-risk bird species at cat predation hotspots. The five-state review cites troubling threats to endangered species such as the Florida Scrub-jay, Piping Plover, and Hawaiian Petrel, and other key birds such as the Painted Bunting, Least Tern, and Black Rail.  The report highlights the growing trend of so-called “managed” feral cat colonies that use Trap/Neuter/Release techniques and their effects on birds, particularly at state and Globally Important Bird Areas.

   The evidence is clear, the report shows – free-roaming cats are bad for birds.
 
   The report says state and federal resources for controlling feral cats must be significantly increased to achieve the goals identified in Endangered Species Recovery Plans and State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategies.  The report is available at http://www.abcbirds.org/cats .

.......................

The public can help the process by insisting directly to these institutions that they become
pro-active in education for responsible pet cat ownership, and therefore, environmental
responsibility. People who let their cats loose are not only environmentally irresponsible but
are cruel to birds and other wildlife and to cats themselves, whether or not they are aware
of it. It is the environmental, humane and societal responsibility of these institutions
to make them aware.
 
 

Isn’t my cat a ‘natural’ predator?

NO. Your cat is a domestic species, overpopulated and introduced into the natural
environment by humans. The dead animals and birds you see your cat kill are about half of
what it actually takes.  Cats do not belong in the natural environment. Not only do they kill
animals directly, but they compete with natural predators like hawks, owls and foxes for
food. They also destroy nests and kill newborn animals. With the pressure that wildlife
and bird species endure from the decrease in habitat and the increase of human
populations, their unnecessary destruction by our overpopulated pet cats makes it
unconscionable for us as a society to ignore.
 

I live in the country and need cats to control mice.

If you live in the country and use cats for rodent control, keep just one neutered cat. Apparently
neutered females tend not to roam as much. Better yet, use live mousetraps instead, where
several rodents can be caught at one time. Cats who eat animals pick up parasites and
contract diseases, some of which are transferrable to humans. The cost of mouse traps
will be less than your veterinary bills. Some diseases can cause birth defects if they infect
pregnant women (Toxoplasmosis).

Nature provides natural predators like hawks, owls and foxes for rodents, which is their main
source of food, and with whom your loose cats will compete. If you are in the city, there are
fewer natural predators so again, use mechanical means like traps. There are a variety
of sizes and types available.  Avoid poisons, as these can be carried by the rodents
to other areas and put all animals at risk.
 

I like seeing baby kittens; we give them to the shelter.

Neuter your pet, whether you live in the city or on a farm.  An unspayed cat in nine years,
along with her offspring, can produce 11.6 million cats (ProvinceWide, CTV, 22/Feb/99).
Unless you’re in the business of breeding, your cat does not need to contribute to the cat
overpopulation problem. Cats in shelters do not lead happy lives, or long ones. In Toronto
(Ontario) alone 4,600 stray cats were impounded in 1995, and in Kitchener (Ontario), 3,000
cats were impounded in 1998.  If you love your cat, neuter it and keep it indoors or in a
safe, enclosed outdoor kennel when outside.
 

I enjoy seeing my cat outside, having fun. People that don’t like
cats outside are just mean, or are cat-haters.

If you think you are showing you 'love' your cat by letting him loose outside, think again.
Proponents of the Cats In Kennels Program are the true cat lovers. They protect cats, not
put them at risk. But they also protect wildlife. They are not only environmentally responsible,
but are the true 'animal lovers'. People who let their cats loose or who believe cats should
be allowed to live loose outside are not only in denial of the environmental impact of domestic
cats upon wildlife, but are living in a fantasy world. Loose cats do not live safe, long, happy
lives. They die young, and are often diseased or injured at some time of their young lives
when let loose. They are not cherished members of the family; they are replaceable, like
lawn ornaments.

Cat breeders value their cats and for the most part wouldn't think of letting them loose.
But the people who abide by the dime-a-dozen rule of domestic cat propagation let their cats
loose because they don't want to be bothered with responsible pet cat ownership. They
believe they can just get another kitten at the humane society if anything happens to this year's
model. Is that showing a love of cats?

If you move to the country or take your cat to the cottage and think it would be a nice picture to
see your cat roaming freely outside, you should review the facts and know the truth about what
befalls cats who are let loose and the wildlife in those areas when you introduce your lethal
pet predator. If you care about animals at all, you should care about the millions of wild birds
and small animals and their offspring who are killed or maimed, or left to die, because
some 'cat lover' wanted to let his or her cat out for some 'play time'.

Rural cats kill more than urban cats. The squirrels, chipmunks, moles, flying squirrels, bats,
shrews, field mice, frogs, snakes, and numerous varieties of birds you and your children enjoy
seeing outside that are struggling for an existence, that are part of the natural environment,
will be found on your and your neighbours’ front steps, mutilated or killed, if you allow your cat
to roam. This is not fair to wildlife.

Or, you may find your cat dead on the road, or injured from a vehicle, or hurt or diseased from
other animals. Or your cat could be prey to an 'animal hoarder' - those persons who suffer from
a specific type of obsessive-compulsive order, collecting stray animals, a fate to which cats are
particularly vulnerable when they are let loose. These misguided individuals justify their action
of collecting dozens - sometimes a hundred - animals by stating they 'love animals', only to
subject them to horrible diseased, unsanitary conditions, and often, starvation.

Or, by letting your cat loose, you place him at risk to the most horrific crimes of animal abuse
by the psychotic individuals who perpetrate them. The Criminal Code does not adequately
protect cats and other animals from these crimes of cruelty. Responsible pet owners,
of cats or other animals, protect their pets by keeping them safe at home.

Letting your cat loose is not fair to your cat, and is not showing you love cats. If you live in
the city there are more cats per square mile than in the country, and they roam far
and wide. Birds and small animals try to live in the city as well.

People who let their cats loose and have bird feeders are enticing wild animals to their death.
Cats roam great distances and kill for play. Well-fed cats are healthiest and kill as much as
hungry, (wild) feral cats. Loose cats often form colonies and become wild, making it more
difficult to control overpopulation and disease. Build or buy a safe, enclosed outdoor kennel
for your cat to play in and to enjoy the outdoors, safely.

My cat has long claws.  If I keep him inside, he’ll claw the
furniture.

Cats have claws; it is an inherent part of their physique.  Trim them every few weeks if he
pulls threads in your furniture.  Provide a cat scratching post inside as well as in his kennel.
If you put large branches for him to climb in his kennel, he is more likely to use his claws
there and to rest when he’s indoors.

Don’t bells on my cat tell wildlife she’s there?

Cats are stealthy hunters and learn to compensate while wearing bells. Bells do not help.

My cat is fed well, so he won’t hunt.

Well-fed cats make the best - the strongest and healthiest - hunters. Cats kill from instinct
whether or not they are hungry, whether in the city or country, whether they are affectionate
pets or not. Farm cats who are fed well in the barn do not tend to stray as much as cats who are
expected to live on rodents, but they still roam and kill animals for play. Any cat that eats
rodents has its own health at risk as well as that of your family. Cats let outdoors regularly
defecate in gardens and children’s sandboxes.  The parasite Toxoplasma gondii, often found in
cats and more so in stray and feral cats, can be passed through the faeces to humans. In
pregnant women, Toxoplasmosis can cause fetal birth defects, autism and even death. Not
keeping domestic cats indoors or in a safe, enclosed outdoor kennel can cause human tragedy
in addition to senseless wildlife destruction that occurs round the clock.

What are other countries and cities doing about the problem?

The American Bird Conservancy in the U.S. has begun a nationwide campaign to educate the
public and to initiate responsible cat ownership with their “Cats Indoors!” campaign.
Around the world, countries and cities are taking action. In 1996 the residents of Red Deer,
Alberta wanted something done about roaming cats, so the city provided live traps and
increased the fines to their owners.  A community in San Rafael, California banned cats in
1988 when approving a housing development near a grassland area full of wildlife.  In
Canberra, Australia in 1996, Parliament made plans to draw up a ‘cat eradication’ program,
aiming to eliminate 20 million cats, 17 million of which are feral and are destroying the
national wildlife species on that continent. The city of Toronto recently (January/99) tried to
pass a bylaw controlling cats. It was struck down by incensed cat owners who insist upon the
right to impose their pet cats on the rest of the population. For some reason, cat owners and the
public would rather ignore the statistics and continue to destroy cats and wildlife, and to waste
tax dollars and goodwill, by euthanizing overpopulated pet cat populations rather than being
responsible for their pets.
 

I love my cat.  What can I do?

The CATS IN KENNELS PROGRAM urges you to acknowledge your responsibility as a
cat owner. Owning a cat entails a commitment to your pet, whom you should consider a
family member. But owning a cat is also an ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY. Just
because you love cats, it does not negate the fact that they are lethal, indeterminate killers
and hunters of birds and other small wildlife. Domestic cats need to be kept indoors or in
a safe, enclosed outdoor kennel when outside. Screened-in porches work wonders for this
purpose, provided that you can separate the kennel from a main entrance door where they
could be let out by accident. Unless you are staying with your cat at all times, we do not
recommend tying cats to a stake as it makes them vulnerable to other animals.

Also, NEUTER YOUR CAT. Unless you are in the business of cat breeding, you do not need
to contribute to the cat overpopulation problem. Do not let your cat outdoors unless it is in
a safe cat kennel, enclosed at the top and bottom.  ‘Cat Fancy’ magazine is to be
commended for its articles on creating outdoor enclosures and havens for cats.
There are commercial kennels available as well through most pet shops (just be sure
to cover the top and seal off the bottom). Provide shade, water, shelter and toilet
facilities. By giving your cat a safe, enclosed outdoor kennel, you will be protecting him
from diseases such as rabies, injury from other animals or vehicles, parasites,
abuse by humans, and from being eaten by coyotes. Indoor cats live up to twenty
years; free roaming cats live only three to five years. And you will be saving
and protecting wildlife.
 
 

Some Animal Rights groups want to keep wild (feral) cat colonies
outside. Is this a good idea?

No, it is definitely NOT a good idea, either for the cats themselves or for wildlife.
Recent studies have shown that even when feral cats are spayed and released,
and medically treated for parasites and disease, the colonies attract more cats
who themselves are not neutered or healthy or disease-free.

Keeping feral cat colonies in existence only continues and multiplies the problem
of ever-reproducing cats. And for every cat in every cat colony, there are hundreds
of birds and small animals who will die needless deaths, all because of
misguided, self-proclaimed 'cat lovers'. Feral cat colonies need to be eradicated.
If money is to be spent protecting feral cat colonies, it would be better spent by creating
a fenced-in enclosure, much like at a zoo, where treated, neutered feral cats can be
released, monitored and controlled. True cat lovers want to protect cats, and want to
change our society's 'dime a dozen' attitude about cats. Many animal control societies'
answer to the problem seems to be to adopt more and more cats out to the public,
without educating people about the environmental impact of those very cats, without
themselves acknowledging the environmental impact of those cats, and without having
a 'humane' and caring attitude, one of honesty and accountability, for the painful
and unnecessary death and injury caused to birds and other small, wild animals.

           Promote TNVE, not TNR

  Please note that the Cats in Kennels Program does not support TNR (trap, neuter
and Release) or maintaining feral cats, as individuals or in colonies, in nature.

  Letting feral cats loose in the environment even with TNR  is not environmentally
or humanely responsible. If proponents of ferals cats feel they must protect
and maintain the existence of feral cats, they need to be directly responsible
for them and eliminate their impact upon wildlife. Instead of TNR,
I promote TNVE. Proponents of feral cats can fund and provide giant cat pens
like those in a zoo, and set them up on their properties, or in an area
close to and with the knowledge of humane societies. Feral cats should not
be released loose into nature. Instead, Trap; Neuter, Vaccinate for rabies,
and Enclose them, or Eliminate the colony. Release should apply only to
a contained Enclosure
  where they can be managed healthfully and humanely
in an Enclosed
environment, without destroying wildlife.

  Where feral cats are diseased and seriously injured, and / or if there is
no feral cat enclosed compound available where they can be
maintained in
a healthful existence, where they can be fed and sheltered
without destruction
to native wildlife and without introducing
an unnatural food source for wildlife
through their feeding, then the colony must be
Eliminated. We do believe that
the
painless euthanasia of feral cats is more humane to both the cats and to
wildlife than letting the cats loose again.



                         To be truly 'humane', we need to care about
                                                            all animals,
                                               not just domestic cats.

                    We need to look at the 'big picture', the whole equation,
                                             not just see what we want to see.


  We live in a culture that supports the hunting of wildlife, the trapping of wildlife,
and the culling of wildlife, yet we do not transfer this necessity onto feral and free ranging cats — an introduced domestic, predatory species, overpopulated
and uncontrolled in the natural environment where wildlife attempt to survive
and rear their young. This is a problem created by human activity and misplaced
affection that favours one species, a domestic one, over wildlife species that
are under other pressures as well, like habitat loss, climate change, toxics in
the environment, manmade structures and other pressures that we do not
fully comprehend. Species of animal life are disappearing worldwide at a rate
of one to three species per day. Controlling the cat problem that we have
created is the single most simple solution to a major cause of wildlife
depletion.


      FOR A SAMPLE RESOLUTION OR
  BYLAWS THAT WOULD WORK IN YOUR
   COMMUNITY, PLEASE SEE BELOW.

 

Being a true animal lover means loving wildlife as well, not just cute and cuddly kittens,
and not just domestic cats. People need to build or buy a cat kennel if they are going to
have a cat, and if they insist on letting them outside for some of the time.

Cats who are in kennels during the day get to enjoy the fresh air and sunshine,
yet cannot harm the wildlife and are at no harm themselves.

And for real cat lovers, you can have five or ten cats in a roomy kennel that are
no problem to neighbours whatsoever. But if your neighbour on either side of you
has a loose cat, the cat overpopulation problem is still a risk, and wildlife will be destroyed.
You, however, will not be contributing to the problem.

                  If only humane societies, veterinarians,
             municipal by-laws and environmental groups
                         put the expectation for responsible,
                            and truly humane, cat ownership
                                      where it belongs:

               with Cat Owners themselves.
                                      It is time.


For information about the number of animals and birds killed or maimed by cats as witnessed
and experienced first-hand by a wildlife rehabilitation centre, you can contact:

  The Wild Bird Care Centre
  73 Majestic Drive
  Nepean ON     K2G 1C9  Canada
  (613) 828-2849

  or

  Medicine River Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre
  Box 115
  Spruce View AB     T0M 1V0   Canada
  (403) 728-3467

For information about the American Bird Conservancy’s ‘Cats Indoors!’ campaign and
for educational materials for schools and other institutions, excellent research data and
contacts:

    American Bird Conservancy
    Cats Indoors! Campaign
    1731 Connecticut Ave., NW, 3rd floor
    Washington, DC USA 20009
    Phone:  (202) 234-7181
    E-mail:   abc@abcbirds.org
    Website:  http://www.abcbirds.org/cats
 

                            Please copy this information
                   and distribute it freely.
 

Present this information about the CATS IN KENNELS Program to your
organizations and schools in your community, at fairs and community events.  Do a
school project or a speech on the subject.  Feel free to address the public with this
information. Let your local humane society, veterinarians and environmental groups
know that this is a serious issue about which the public has a right to be informed.
This is a word of mouth campaign whose time is long overdue.  Its success depends on you.

Here are some ideas: Have a cat kennel design contest! Start a business building
kennels. Build a luxury cat condo and raffle it off at a fundraiser.
 Let us know how you do.

E-mail if you would like a jpg photo (quick-upload) of a cat kennel emailed to you. Right now
I have several styles to view: Bungalow / Condo / Penthouse / Penthouse Suite / Rural Chic /
Heavenly. Let me know which one you want to see.

Our E-Address:   samgreen@sympatico.ca

               Thank you for your participation.
 

CATS IN KENNELS. Simple. Easy.
Safe for cats, birds and other animals.
Environmentally Responsible.
Humane to both cats and small wildlife.
Why not?

Here is a sample Resolution followed by information to guide the creation of By-laws
that address free ranging and feral cats. This Resolution was passed in 2006 and
is in use by a wildlife organization.

Feral and free-ranging domestic cats are exotic species to North America. Exotic species are recognized
as one of the most widespread and serious threats to the integrity of native wildlife populations and
natural ecosystems. Exotic species present special challenges for wildlife managers because their negative
impacts are poorly understood by the general public, many exotic species have become such an accepted
component of the environment that many people regard them as "natural," some exotic species have
advocacy groups that promote their continued presence, and few policies and laws deal directly with their
control. Perhaps no issue has captured more of the challenges for contemporary wildlife management than
the impacts of feral or free-ranging human companion or domestic animals. The domestic cat is the
companion animal that recently has attracted the most attention for its impact on wildlife species.
Domestic cats originated from an ancestral wild species, the European and African wild cat (Felis
silvestris). The domestic cat (Felis catus) is now considered a separate species. The estimated numbers of
pet cats in urban and rural regions of the United States have grown from 30 million in 1970 to nearly 65
million in 2000. Reliable estimates of the present total cat population are not available. Nationwide,
approximately 30% of households have cats. In rural areas, approximately 60% of households have cats.
The impact of domestic cats on wildlife is difficult to quantify. However, a growing body of literature
strongly suggests that domestic cats are a significant factor in the mortality of small mammals, birds,
reptiles, and amphibians. Because free-ranging cats often receive food from humans, they can reach
population levels that may create areas of abnormally high predation rates on wildlife. When the wildlife
prey is a threatened or endangered species, the result may be extirpation or extinction. Effects of cat
predation are most pronounced in island settings (both actual islands and islands of habitat), where prey
populations are already low or stressed by other factors, or in natural areas where cat colonies are
established. Competition with native predators, disease implications for wildlife populations, and pet
owners' attitudes toward wildlife and wildlife management also are important issues.
Extensive popular debate over absolute numbers or types of prey taken is not productive. The number of
cats is undeniably large. Even if conservative estimates of prey taken are considered, the number of prey
animals killed is immense. Feeding cats does not deter them from killing wildlife for they do not always
eat what they kill. Humans introduced cats to North America, and humans must be responsible for the
control and removal of cats that prey on wildlife.
This policy in regard to feral and free-ranging domestic cats is to:
1. Strongly support and encourage the humane elimination of feral cat colonies.
2. Support the passage and enforcement of local and state ordinances prohibiting the public feeding
of feral cats, especially on public lands, and release of unwanted pet or feral cats into the wild.
3. Strongly support educational programs and materials that call for all pet cats to be kept indoors,
in outdoor enclosures, or on a leash.
4. Support programs to educate and encourage pet owners to neuter or spay their cats, and
encourage all pet adoption programs to require potential owners to spay or neuter their pet.
5. Support the development and dissemination of sound, helpful information on what individual cat
owners can do to minimize predation by free-ranging cats.
6. Pledge to work with the conservation and animal welfare communities to educate the public about
the negative impact of free-ranging and feral cats on native wildlife, including birds, small
mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and endangered species.
7. Support educational efforts to encourage the agricultural community to keep farm-cat numbers at
low, manageable levels and use alternative, environmentally safe rodent control methods.
8. Encourage researchers to develop better information on the impacts of feral and free-ranging cats
on native wildlife populations.
9. Recognize that cats as pets have a long association with humans, and that responsible cat owners
are to be encouraged to continue caring for the animals under their control.
10. Oppose the passage of any local or state ordinances that legalize the maintenance of "managed"
(trap/neuter/release) free-ranging cat colonies.

Here are some requirements that are successful in various communities' bylaws.
Education of the public is critical to ensuring the success of programs to control
free ranging and feral cats in the community.

1. Provisions in ordinances should include Mandatory spaying and neutering of all cats over six months
    of age. The only exception is for breeders of registered breeds of cats, wherein a Breeder's Permit
    must be purchased and renewed annually, and the breeder's facility would be subject to inspection
    by an SPCA, Humane Society or By-law Officer to ensure the healthful, humane treatment of the
    cats. Persons who allow their cats to reproduce would be subject to fines that exceed the cost
    of a spay or neuter of their cat, to provide an incentive for neutering. The community could subsidize
    local veterinarians for the first year after the bylaws are introduced to offer reduced costs for
    spaying and neutering, to encourage cat owners and facilitate reduced breeding. After one year,
    a zero tolerance policy must be implemented. Pet owners should be required to keep their
    spay or neuter certificate for the life of the animal for verification.

2.  The ordinance should require all cats to be vaccinated yearly against Rabies. The spay or
     neuter certificate must be provided for each animal. Veterinarians must advise the public
     of the bylaw that any cat over six months of age must be spayed or neutered.

3.  The ordinance should require all cats to be confined to their owner's property, or physically
     restrained or contained when off the premises.

4.  The ordinance should prohibit the public feeding of feral and free ranging cats, the
     maintenance of cat colonies, and the release of unwanted pet or feral cats into the wild,
     with fines for those who do so. The local government should be responsible for TNVE
     of the free ranging and feral cats — Trap; then Neuter, Vaccinate and Enclose in an
     enclosure or facility, or Eradicate the colony where no facilities exist.
     
5.  Some communities require all cats to be licensed. However, if the first four provisions are
     successful it may not be necessary to license all cats, as only breeders of cats would need
     to obtain an annual license.

The American Bird Conservancy's Cats Indoors campaign offers much
reference material on Cat Restraint Laws and Ordinances, as well as
several links to others who are addressing the problem successfully.

.........

The information and statistics provided in this brochure are taken from
the many
studies that have been done on cat predation.

Some reference articles are:

Bird's Eye View, David M. Bird; Vehicule Press, 1999, ISBN 1-55065-119-6;
"Keeping Cats and Birds Safe", CH2, pp 84-93.

Impacts of Feral and Free-ranging Cats on Bird Species of Conservation Concern:
A Five-State Review of New York, New  Jersey, Florida, California, and Hawaii;
2006; American Bird Conservancy.
(The evidence is clear, the report shows – free-roaming cats are bad for birds.
The report says state and federal resources for controlling feral cats must be
significantly increased to achieve the goals identified in Endangered Species
Recovery Plans and State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategies.
The report is available at http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/policy/cats/index.html .)

The Bird Almanac: a guide to essential facts and figures of the world's birds,
David M. Bird.
(A table (p55), Relative Annual Human-Related Mortality of Birds in the U.S.,
shows Cat Predation the FOURTH HIGHEST cause of bird mortality out
of ELEVEN studied causes. Cat Predation is a leading cause of bird death
in the U.S., after Buildings (100 to 1,000 million deaths), Power lines (up to
174 million deaths), Recreational Hunting (120 million deaths), then
Cat Predation, which causes 118 million bird deaths. Note that
Cat Predation figures for small mammals, amphibians and reptiles
are not included in this study.      SOURCE of data for this table: Adapted from
R.C. Banks, Human-related Mortality of Birds in the United States, Special
Scientific Report, Wildlife No. 215, U.S. Dept. Interior (Washington DC, 1979);
F.B. Gill, Ornithology (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990); D. A. Klem,
Biology of Collisions Between Birds and Windows, PhD Thesis, Southern Illinois
University, 1979; J.S. Coleman, S.A. Temple, and S.R. Craven, Cats and Wildlife,
A Conservation Dilemma (Madison WI: Cooperative Extension Publ., 1997);
D.M. Bird, unpublished data; W.P.Erickson, unpublished data; and A. Manville,
unpublished data.)

Pet or Predator, The Choice is Up to You, Birds of the World, Spring 1995, pp 44-45.

Is There A Killer in Your House?, George H Harrison/ National Wildlife Vol 30. No 6.

Domestic Lives / Fixed for Life, David Waltner Toews / Harrowsmith No 102 April/92.

How to Create a Killer, Diane Swanson/ B.C. Wildlife Review/ Summer 1978.

Killer (Kitty) Cats, George H. Harrison, Nature Watch/ Sports Afield/ Sept 1991.

Attack of the Killer Cats, Leon Jaroff, Time/ August 1989.

Demography & Movements of Free-Ranging Domestic Cats in Rural Illinois, Richard E.
Warner/ J. Wildlife Management 49 (2) 340.

How Many Birds Do Cats Kill?, Coleman & Temple/ Dept of Wildlife Ecology, University of
Wisconsin.

City of Toronto, Dept of Public Health, Animal Control Services, 1993 through 1998 Annual
Reports.

Domestic Cats - Our Imported Wildlife Terrorists, Bob Bancroft/ NS Conservation, Vol 14 (4)
1990.

Toxoplasmosis in Cats and Man, Feline Advisory Bureau, U.K., Info sheet #13.

Autism and the Immune Connection, Michaael J. Goldberg, MD. At
web.syr.edu/~jmwobus/autism/immune-connection.html
(64 references cited).

Somehow I Think I May Be Starting Yet Another Uproar, Gary Ball, Angler & Hunter,
Nov/Dec/1990, Vol 15 no 3 (re impact of dogs and cats on wildlife).

Do You Know Where your Cat Is?, Paul Van Gurp, Nature Alert, insert of Nature Canada,
CNF’s magazine, Autumn 1997, Vol 7 No 4, p 5.

Mitigating the Impact of Free-roaming Cats on Wildlife, Guy R. Hodge, Humane Soc of US/
1995 IWRC Conference Proceedings.

Outdoor Enclosures, Charlene Beane, Cat Fancy Magazine, 1988.  (Also, there was an article in
the magazine in July/98 on cat enclosures.)

Is There A War Against Cats?, Gil Llamont/ Mainstream, 1994 pp 9-13.

A Reversible Catastrophe, Cats: A Heavy Toll on Songbirds, Rich Stallcup, Winging It, 1992,
pp 10-11.

A Catastrophe for Birds, American Bird Conservancy/ Bird Conservation, Summer Nesting
1997, pp 10-11.

Cats As Cats Can, New Scientist 2/April/1987, p 25 (re 400 million cats in the world).

Save the Birds - Why Bother?, Thomas Urquhart, New Scientist, 2/July/1987, pp 55-58.

Pet Cats Control Village Wildlife, Paul Murdin, New Scientist, 6/August/1987, p 28.

Feedback, New Scientist 21/April/1988, page 68.

Feedback, New Scientist 31/March/1990, p 70.

Should the Cat take the Rap?, Ian Anderson (re Melbourne Australia), New Scientist,
21/May/94, pp 13-14.

Cat Cleansing in Red Deer, Chris Champion, Alberta Report 23/ #32, 22/July/96, p 12.
 

Thank you for your support.  Please pass this information on.
Together we can make a difference, protecting both our cats and wildlife.

For more information on the Cats In Kennels Program,
please send a #10 size SASE (2 stamps) to:

Cats In Kennels Program
PO Box 436
Minden ON   K0M 2K0  Canada

Or email the Cats in Kennels Program (samgreen@sympatico.ca)

If you want pictures of sample cat kennels, please email:

Cats In Kennels Program, samgreen@sympatico.ca

For a commercial version of cat kennels and runs,
contact The Cat's Den
in Toronto, Ontario, Canada at:

http://www.thecatsden.net
 

Webpage edited 20/April/2008